Ma possibile che non ci sia nessuno che ha studiato qualche rudimento di economia nel governo usa? Dai non si può credere una roba del genere.
Inviato dal mio 23124RA7EO utilizzando Tapatalk
Siccome sono una capra senza soluzione di continuità, mi spiegate le percentuali scritte su quel fatidico board? A me sembra strano che l’Europa carichi il 39% sulle merci importate dagli USA, ad esempio.
Si vis pacem, para bellum.
dalla storia si impara che non si impara dalla storia
Allucinante, oltre ad avere utilizzato un metodo che non ha completamente alcun senso logico, anche l´idea di annunciare dazi una settimana prima della loro entrata in vigore.
Senza troppa fantasia, posso gia immaginare le ondate di acquisti sui mercati esteri in questi giorni (fino a Martedi 8 incluso) con il deficit commerciale USA probabilmente in sprofondamento a livelli da fossa delle Marianne
Non riesco davvero a credere che sto tizio abbia una laurea in Economia alla Wharton.
«L'Italia va avanti perché ci sono i fessi. I fessi lavorano, pagano, crepano. Chi fa la figura di mandare avanti l'Italia sono i furbi, che non fanno nulla, spendono e se la godono» (Giuseppe Prezzolini, 1921)
prospetticamente le carte mostrano una potenziale tendenza verso alte potenzialità di prospettiva....
Non ci vuole un genio in economia per capire che la mossa è prima di tutto autolesionista, semplicemente perché gli americani non possono isolarsi dal mondo e autosostentarsi, cosa che riuscirebbe meglio all’Europa visto che è un conglomerato di più stati molti dei quali son grandi forze economiche a loro volta.
Io francamente sono allibito dal livello di delirio che si sta raggiungendo negli USA.
I dazi che mette la UE credo siano sui prodotti agricoli e penso siano meno del 5%![]()
https://themarketjourney.substack.com :
economia, modelli, mercato, finanza
Reciprocal Tariff Calculations
Executive Summary
Reciprocal tariffs are calculated as the tariff rate necessary to balance bilateral trade deficits between the U.S. and each of our trading partners. This calculation assumes that persistent trade deficits are due to a combination of tariff and non-tariff factors that prevent trade from balancing. Tariffs work through direct reductions of imports.
Reciprocal tariff rates range from 0 percent to 99 percent, with unweighted and import-weighted averages of 20 percent and 41 percent.
Introduction
To conceptualize reciprocal tariffs, the tariff rates that would drive bilateral trade deficits to zero were computed. While models of international trade generally assume that trade will balance itself over time, the United States has run persistent current account deficits for five decades, indicating that the core premise of most trade models is incorrect.
The failure of trade deficits to balance has many causes, with tariff and non-tariff economic fundamentals as major contributors. Regulatory barriers to American products, environmental reviews, differences in consumption tax rates, compliance hurdles and costs, currency manipulation and undervaluation all serve to deter American goods and keep trade balances distorted. As a result, U.S. consumer demand has been siphoned out of the U.S. economy into the global economy, leading to the closure of more than 90,000 American factories since 1997, and a decline in our manufacturing workforce of more than 6.6 million jobs, more than a third from its peak.
While individually computing the trade deficit effects of tens of thousands of tariff, regulatory, tax and other policies in each country is complex, if not impossible, their combined effects can be proxied by computing the tariff level consistent with driving bilateral trade deficits to zero. If trade deficits are persistent because of tariff and non-tariff policies and fundamentals, then the tariff rate consistent with offsetting these policies and fundamentals is reciprocal and fair.
Basic Approach
Consider an environment in which the U.S. levies a tariff of rate τ_i on country i and ∆τ_i reflects the change in the tariff rate. Let ε<0 represent the elasticity of imports with respect to import prices, let φ>0 represent the passthrough from tariffs to import prices, let m_i>0 represent total imports from country i, and let x_i>0 represent total exports. Then the decrease in imports due to a change in tariffs equals ∆τ_i*ε*φ*m_i<0. Assuming that offsetting exchange rate and general equilibrium effects are small enough to be ignored, the reciprocal tariff that results in a bilateral trade balance of zero satisfies:
Parameter Selection
To calculate reciprocal tariffs, import and export data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2024. Parameter values for ε and φ were selected. The price elasticity of import demand, ε, was set at 4.
Recent evidence suggests the elasticity is near 2 in the long run (Boehm et al., 2023), but estimates of the elasticity vary. To be conservative, studies that find higher elasticities near 3-4 (e.g., Broda and Weinstein 2006; Simonovska and Waugh 2014; Soderbery 2018) were drawn on. The elasticity of import prices with respect to tariffs, φ, is 0.25. The recent experience with U.S. tariffs on China has demonstrated that tariff passthrough to retail prices was low (Cavallo et al, 2021).
Findings
The reciprocal tariffs were left-censored at zero. Higher minimum rates might be necessary to limit heterogeneity in rates and reduce transshipment. Tariff rates range from 0 to 99 percent. The unweighted average across deficit countries is 50 percent, and the unweighted average across the entire globe is 20 percent. Weighted by imports, the average across deficit countries is 45 percent, and the average across the entire globe is 41 percent. Standard deviations range from 20.5 to 31.8 percentage points.
References
Boehm, Christoph E., Andrei A. Levchenko, and Nitya Panalai-Nayar (2023), “The long and short of (run) of trade elasticities, American Economic Review, 113(4), 861-905.
Broda, Christian and David E. Weinstein (2006). “Globalization and the gains from variety,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2), 541-585.
Pujolas, Pau and Jack Rossbach (2024). “Trade deficits with trade wars.” SSRN.
Simonovska, Ina and Michael E. Waugh (2014). “The elasticity of trade: Estimates and evidence,” Journal of International Economics, 92(1), 34-50.
Soderberry, Anson (2018). “Trade elasticities, heterogeneity, and optimal tariffs,” Journal of International Economics, 114, 44-62.
Reciprocal Tariff Calculations | United States Trade Representative
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