H: Qui ti sei inventato tutto, dalla storia della tassazione ai "punti proteina" (e per inciso, è il motivo per il quale rispondo con tanto ritardo: mi secca essere preso per i fondelli).

Clayco: Ti sbagli e di molto, ma siccome di tutti i miei antagonisti sei quello che mi ha rispettato di più, rileggerò con calma il tutto. Ma guarda che il confronto lo fanno attraverso gli ecoindicatori, tanto che confrontano il pesce con la soya, proprio con il punteggio dovuto al consumo di carburanti fossili necessario alla pesca. Senza gli ecopunteggi i valori nel confronto tra soya e carne non sarebbero assolutamente verosimili.

cito


LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES

Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) techniques offer promise
for evaluating diet choices environmentally and quantitatively.
LCIA focuses on relative comparisons of whole systems over a
product’s life, relating each system to a diverse range of environmental
impact categories (22). LCIA may include a weighting
method whereby a single score, or ecoindicator, is derived for the
total environmental impact based on the calculated effects. The
ecoindicator of a process is thus a number that indicates the environmental
impact based on data from a life cycle assessment—the
higher the ecoindicator, the greater the environmental impact.
Specifically, LCIA traces the environmental impacts associated
with food from cradle (generation of resources) to grave (final disposal)
through the stages of the production-consumption-disposal
chain. These stages are primary production (agriculture, fishing),
processing, retail, shopping, storage at home, cooking, dishwashing,
and waste disposal. Many of these stages include transportation
as well.
A number of comparative LCIA studies have been carried out
for kinds of food and meals that are relevant for diet choices
involving vegetarianism (6, 17, 23, 24).
It should be noted that outcomes of these LCIAs are not
perfect representations of real-life environmental impacts.
Important effects of agriculture such as effects on quality of
agricultural soils and the direct effect on biodiversity are neglected
in current LCIAs. Other deficiencies are the limited
reliability of data used and the fact that outcomes only partially
reflect real-life environmental impacts (25). Thus, comparative
LCIA studies give only rough indications of relative
environmental impacts.
LCIA studies suggest that the differences between animal products
and vegetarian alternatives are most marked at the level of
primary economic production (agriculture, fishing) and, in some
cases, with respect to processing of foodstuffs. Therefore, the
focus of this article is agriculture and fishing and, where applicable,
the processing stage.
Using data from LCIA studies and other sources, we evaluated
the environmental impact of vegetarian and nonvegetarian diet
choices by comparing a number of input-output parameters
(effects) related to primary production. Inputs and nonproduct outputs
will be compared for the same output of protein (in grams).
All these evaluations will deal with foods as they are currently
produced in Western industrialized countries. First we compare
(average) meat and a processed protein food based on soybean
protein. A second comparative evaluation considers (average)
meat and (average) fresh vegetables. Third, we compare cheese
made from cow milk and lupine-based cheese. A fourth comparison
evaluates fossil energy inputs per gram protein in fish and
in products of vegetable origin. Finally, we consider quantitative
differences at the level of ready-to-eat foods, concerning the full
production-consumption-disposal chain of vegetarian and non vegetarians meals.ù

1 Effect refers to identical amounts of protein. The effect of soybean
protein–based food is (arbitrarily) given the value of 1.